Soul Brother 09.07.2008 18:54 |
Some interesting responses (in the positive) to the Guardian's ongoing campaign against Queen..... link |
Daniel Nester 10.07.2008 08:38 |
The Guardian might be better to say, yes this is strange, but they are doing great work now, and doesn't that count for something. They might also say that journalists' habit of ridiculing Queen might have something to do with their dislike for their music and its populism and connections with an audience that journalists would never be able to do. Some of the comments are interesting, too. Worth reading. Believe me, in other fora I have stressed that playing Sun City was a mistake. But part of life is admitting to mistakes and moving on. Queen--er, Brian and Roger--have admitted to the mistake as much as rock stars could do in the situation, and now that are doing what they do best: Play loud fucking rock and roll to help out a good cause. Posterity will look on all this with much more empathy and positivity than this Guardian journalist. Actually, posterity already has. |
Adam Baboolal 10.07.2008 10:58 |
What a sickening article. Made even more sickening by saying, "they're not bad people, but..." It's as good as saying, once you've made a mistake, you're marked for life. He reminds me of those kind of people that don't learn to forgive others for their mistakes. God forbid he ever meet a reformed inmate! Adam. |
Micrówave 10.07.2008 11:46 |
Two things Why doesn't Peter Gabriel get rid of that pointy beard thingy? How does playing a concert make a political statement? Other than the media grabbing on and making it one. Is it logical to assume, then, if Queen should play Serbia or Ukraine that they are turning their heads on genocide or the environment? I think it's far more arrogant to cash a check from Barack Obama or Al Gore as seems to be the common theme these days... instead of worrying about what a certain government's stance was twenty years ago. |
Sheer Brass Neck 10.07.2008 12:09 |
Funny thing about the comments. There is a link that sends you to an article about George Formby, the British entertainer and guy whose uke Brian used on SHA and ANATO, and about him playing South Africa in the 30s and mixing with black people and actually kissing a black person, and the blog author calls him a hero, unlike Queen, who were money grubbers and naive aobut the government of the day. But didn't they do the same thing, play to black people and interact with black musicians? They shouldn't have played there in a PC sense, but the case is to be made that by going there and playing to a mixed audience they did more good than the gypsy midget freakazoid Steven Van Zandt did with his fantstically horrible Sun City song? What did that song change? SFA probably. |
Winter Land Man 10.07.2008 17:20 |
Soul Brother wrote: Some interesting responses (in the positive) to the Guardian's ongoing campaign against Queen..... linkIf Freddie was alive, he'd have the author of that article done in! People thought Queen were racist back then. Freddie had a few black friends. Peter Straker and Trevor 'The Black Bitch'.... and I'm sure there's more. |
Daniel Nester 10.07.2008 21:11 |
Wow. The "I have a couple Black friends" bit. |
YourValentine 11.07.2008 03:55 |
Sheer Brass Neck wrote: But didn't they do the same thing, play to black people and interact with black musicians? They shouldn't have played there in a PC sense, but the case is to be made that by going there and playing to a mixed audience they did more good than the gypsy midget freakazoid Steven Van Zandt did with his fantstically horrible Sun City song? What did that song change? SFA probably.No, they did not play to a mixed audience. They played to a rich white audience for loads of money against the UN boycott and against the rules of the British union. They very nearly escaped being thrown out of the union which would have meant they could not have played in England anymore. Sun City was a rich white enclave in a desparately poor black country and it needed a lot of bad judgement to play there. Now you can ask if the UN boycott was a wise decision or if you generally should drag artists and athletes (there was a sports boycott, too)into politics but the fact remains that Queen closed their eyes to reality and ignored the worldwide efforts to put an end to Apartheid. However, to dig out the Sun City concerts after 24 years and make a case that Queen cannot play for Nelson Mandela is ridiculous. It really says a lot about the author who does not seem to know that this was already the 4th 46664 concert Queen supported and who failed to notice that Nelson Mandela has no problem with Queen supporting the 46664 cause. I really would like to know what he did to put an end to Apartheid. |
Rik&Roll 11.07.2008 04:30 |
Totally agree! No, Queen should not be judged by doing the Mandela-thing, when you make a dreadful mistake you'll always deserve a chance to make up for it. Yes, they broke an international boycott to fill their pockets even more. Only blinded fans can look away from that. |
Sheer Brass Neck 11.07.2008 06:47 |
I wasn't aware that they didn't play to a mixed audience, YV. I read Brian's defence to the Musician's Union, and must have imagined the bits about them and a black or mixed audience, maybe they travelled to see black people or something! |
YourValentine 12.07.2008 06:38 |
Yes, Queen always said they played to a "mixed racial audience" but that was really stretching the truth. Every artist at the time could be informed about the true nature of Sun City and the so called independent state Bophuthatswana. If you are interested you can read the article about the myth and the truth of the homeland Bophuthatswana and the entire "homeland system" in the article: BLACK DISPOSESSION IN SOUTH AFRICA: THE MYTH OF BANTUSTAN INPENDENCENCE link In favour of Queen it should be said that they did not invent Apartheid, they only played a couple of concerts. In Europe and the USA there were a lot of people (politicians, business people) with so much more power and influence who did nothing to put an end to Apartheid. There was a lot of indifference and hidden racism. I don't see anybody blaming those people up to this day. |
Daniel Nester 12.07.2008 09:02 |
Well said, YourValentine. |
onevsion 12.07.2008 09:34 |
YV, well said indeed. Can't think of something to add to what you've said. |
Mr. Scully 13.07.2008 07:00 |
Who cares about one band having played in Sun City... there will be Olympic Games in Bejing within a few weeks. Now what's worse... |
12yrslouetta 13.07.2008 19:35 |
It always made me chuckle when Queen brought out that tired line of we arent political in anyway, and its all about entertainment. Im presuming then if they were offered enough money then they would have played to nazis. Whats the difference!? Im sure nazis love a good ole knees up. I love Queen, but i will always be sadened that they went to South Africa when apartheid was being enforced by force. And its a shame in many ways that people still defend their behaviour. They werent the only band or artist that went to Sun City but that doesnt or shouldnt excuse their behaviour. That was in 1984, today this unpolitical band are now putting their lot in with mandela. It is kind of ironic BUT if they can get someone around the world buy a t-shirt or see a gig so all the proceeds go to the right place, thats got to be good thing. |
john bodega 14.07.2008 00:22 |
12yrslouetta wrote: It always made me chuckle when Queen brought out that tired line of we arent political in anyway, and its all about entertainment. Im presuming then if they were offered enough money then they would have played to nazis. Whats the difference!? Im sure nazis love a good ole knees up. I love Queen, but i will always be sadened that they went to South Africa when apartheid was being enforced by force. And its a shame in many ways that people still defend their behaviour. They werent the only band or artist that went to Sun City but that doesnt or shouldnt excuse their behaviour. That was in 1984, today this unpolitical band are now putting their lot in with mandela. It is kind of ironic BUT if they can get someone around the world buy a t-shirt or see a gig so all the proceeds go to the right place, thats got to be good thing.After seeing this post, I'm glad they played there. |
FriedChicken 14.07.2008 07:27 |
Daniel Nester wrote: Wow. The "I have a couple Black friends" bit.Hitler also wasn't anti-semitic. Cause one of his close workers was a jew. |
Tero 14.07.2008 09:56 |
12yrslouetta wrote: It always made me chuckle when Queen brought out that tired line of we arent political in anyway, and its all about entertainment. Im presuming then if they were offered enough money then they would have played to nazis. Whats the difference!? Im sure nazis love a good ole knees up.I'm sure they would have insisted on playing to EVERYONE at the concentration camps, just as long as everyone was paying for their tickets. ;) |
Daniel Nester 14.07.2008 10:18 |
[Cue the contrarian Australian jackass post.] _______________________ |
12yrslouetta 14.07.2008 10:46 |
haha, nice reply zeb, that made me chuckle. let me guess, a white guy right?? Hey, its all good. |
john bodega 16.07.2008 06:50 |
12yrslouetta wrote: haha, nice reply zeb, that made me chuckle. let me guess, a white guy right?? Hey, its all good.I'm as black as they come. |
Daniel Nester 16.07.2008 15:46 |
Stayin' classy. |
The Real Wizard 17.07.2008 17:52 |
YourValentine wrote: No, they did not play to a mixed audience. They played to a rich white audience for loads of money against the UN boycott and against the rules of the British union.As far as I understand, Sun City was part of Bophuthatswana, one of ten bantustans, which were places set aside for black people of South Africa, not white people... which would mean they played for (at least mostly) a black audience. Or am I missing something? |
Raf 17.07.2008 18:19 |
Mr. Scully wrote: Who cares about one band having played in Sun City... there will be Olympic Games in Bejing within a few weeks. Now what's worse...And several important world leaders have been told to boycott it, and all of them declined, while on the other hand, not many leaders thought twice before joining the USA boycott against the Soviet Union under the cheap Afghanistan war excuse. |
Daniel Nester 17.07.2008 20:34 |
And how did you come to understand that the crowds at Sun City were black or mostly black, Sir GH? Are you counting the help? The "country" you're talking about was never recognized by anyone except South Africa itself and Israel. |
Daniel Nester 17.07.2008 20:49 |
Amazing what some research can do. Here's what I found out from "South African 'Homeland': A Success of Sorts," published in The New York Times, by Joseph Lelyveld, May 16, 1983: * These small "countries" were ostensibly set up as a "homeland" for blacks of Tswana orgins--which, if you like the idea of reservations for Native Americans here in the states, is a good idea. * These scattered, landlocked island-states were never recognized as real countries; instead, they were set up by the Apartheid government itself as part of South Africa's attempt to "unscramble the black population" from the country at large. * The people who live(d) there, by and large, did not work there, instead commuting to South Africa. * Of the 1.3 million people who lived in Bophuthatswana in 1982, only 2,000 voted, partly out of indifference and partly because of being intimidated by the non-government government. Anybody who wants a PDF of this article, email me. |
YourValentine 18.07.2008 02:49 |
Totally right, Daniel. Bophuthatswana was one of the "homelands" (bantustans) where black South Africans were relocated, they were declared "independent" in order to deny the black people their South African citizenship. They lived in terrible poverty and no country recognized the the homelands. Quoting from the website I posted in my previous post: "Bantustans, the fragmented areas designated for Africans, comprise only 13 percent of South Africa's territory. Yet these areas are to be the "homelands" for all Africans, or 72 percent of the population. Already the government has declared four of these bantustans, including Bophuthatswana, "independent," thus stripping 8 million people of their South African citizenship. The intention of the white minority government is to declare all ten bantustans independent, arriving at a time when, by the stroke of a white pen, every African will be a foreigner in South Africa. These pseudo-states are recognized by no government on earth except South Africa." about Sun City: "Sun City is a $90 million pleasure resort stuck into the vast rural poverty of Bophuthatswana. It plays a significant part in the South African effort to break out of its isolation and win back foreign favor. The large complex includes an artificial lake, a casino, soft porn movies, discotheques, and scantily clad chorus girls. Near by, the Pilanesberg game reserve was created for the tourists' delight by evicting 100 families from their homes. And there is the Superbowl, a large auditorium that regularly features big name international entertainers." About alleged mixed racial audiences: "Audiences are not officially segregated at Sun City. But the cost of the more expensive tickets often makes this the de facto reality. Liza Minelli performed her opening night to a crowd of 4,500 people, of which about 200 were black. There was only one black face in the most expensive seatsthe rest were high up in the auditorium in seats that sold for $13.00. And Southern Sun, which owns the hotel, admitted to giving tickets to blacks free. It does this not out of generosity but so that artists do not per- form to all-white audiences. "I don't mind about anything except that I'm playing in front of mixed audiences," said Liza Minelli, ignoring the fact that by performing there she was helping apartheid score propaganda points." Read the whole article to understand the whole gross inhumanity of that system, it only takes 5 minutes |
Daniel Nester 18.07.2008 10:34 |
Thanks for pasting in those paragraphs, YourValentine. I think I speak for all of us who are trying to tell others about the reality of South Africa and Sun City at that time are not trying to re-indict Queen for doing Sun City. It's just to look at that situation realistically. Without rose-colored Queen fan lenses. |
The Real Wizard 19.07.2008 18:13 |
Wow.... unreal stuff. I was aware of it on some level, but to have it all written in one place is pretty powerful. Thanks for posting. |
kingogre 20.07.2008 02:55 |
Raf wrote:Money talks.. This can be seen in contrast with the apartheidregime that most countries of the world boycotted (and rightfully so!) but when it comes to one of the most important countries in the world economy no one is willing to do anything.Mr. Scully wrote: Who cares about one band having played in Sun City... there will be Olympic Games in Bejing within a few weeks. Now what's worse...And several important world leaders have been told to boycott it, and all of them declined, while on the other hand, not many leaders thought twice before joining the USA boycott against the Soviet Union under the cheap Afghanistan war excuse. |
Oberon 21.07.2008 16:33 |
I am not particularly informed about South Africa under aparthied etc, or about the homelands, but YourValentine's evidence seems valid etc. But, I find it strange that Queen are often critised for playing Sun City, yet their South American tours are fine, even though some of these countries were run by ruthless dictators. I'm not sure exactly which S. Am countries had death squads - was that Venezuela? I guess these countries weren't blacklisted etc, but I would have thought there were worse attrocities there than South Africa. I'm not condoning apartheid at all, and as I said, I don't know the detail, but I don't remember large scale executions in S. Africa - lots of discimination etc, of course. Please don't be too harsh if I'm showing my ignorance!! So, while I'm sure the money was a big draw for playing Sun City, I wouldn't be surprised if Queen's management spinned the mixed audience thing to the hilt (esp. with Brian), so maybe the band didn't realise until they were committed. I think they have morals, but they also have business sense. And I don't personally consider it to be a big mistake or issue. I don't really see the sense in stopping the "general population" from seeing artists. If we took that approach with S africa, why didn't Wham get hammered for playing in Communist China, with it's history of attrocities (still probably in place in the '80s I expect). I think it's probably better to let artists play such places, even if it is to rich whites and a splattering of africans. I'm not sure much is achieved by depriving people of these things. If you leave such places cut off from the world, where does the inclination come to change it? Where does the influence come so that people realise there's a different way? That's my view anyway. |
Oberon 21.07.2008 16:52 |
-- deleted as I quoted instead of edited by mistake |
Raf 22.07.2008 07:54 |
Oberon wrote: But, I find it strange that Queen are often critised for playing Sun City, yet their South American tours are fine, even though some of these countries were run by ruthless dictators. I'm not sure exactly which S. Am countries had death squads - was that Venezuela?Nope, Brazil and Argentina. Queen were, in fact, invited to have dinner with the dictator from Argentina, if I'm not mistaken, and only Roger declined it. The big difference here is - the world recognized the military dictatorship in these countries as legitimate. The U.S. supported the whole process. Nowadays it's known that agents from the government in Brazil responsible for torturing anyone who spoke against the government took "lessons" with agents from the North American government. What justified our dictatorships was the fact that they prevented us from joining the socialist countries during the Cold War. Our dictators were loyal to the United States, therefore, it was okay if students, journalists and artists were being arrested, tortured and either killed or sent to other countries, it was all for "greater good". |
Rik&Roll 22.07.2008 10:52 |
I think the main difference between the sun city-gig and the Latin American tours is the fact that Queen broke an international boycott in South Africa, and that definitly seems like a political statement. The fascist states like Argentina back then SHOULD have been subject to international boycott, but however weren't. Breaking a boycott like in Sun City could very well be explained as supporting South Africa. I trust that wasn't the case, but it remains a big mistake. |
YourValentine 22.07.2008 11:48 |
Oberon wrote: I am not particularly informed about South Africa under aparthied etc, or about the homelands, but YourValentine's evidence seems valid etc. But, I find it strange that Queen are often critised for playing Sun City, yet their South American tours are fine, even though some of these countries were run by ruthless dictators. I'm not sure exactly which S. Am countries had death squads - was that Venezuela? I guess these countries weren't blacklisted etc, but I would have thought there were worse attrocities there than South Africa. I'm not condoning apartheid at all, and as I said, I don't know the detail, but I don't remember large scale executions in S. Africa - lots of discimination etc, of course. Please don't be too harsh if I'm showing my ignorance!! So, while I'm sure the money was a big draw for playing Sun City, I wouldn't be surprised if Queen's management spinned the mixed audience thing to the hilt (esp. with Brian), so maybe the band didn't realise until they were committed. I think they have morals, but they also have business sense. And I don't personally consider it to be a big mistake or issue. I don't really see the sense in stopping the "general population" from seeing artists. If we took that approach with S africa, why didn't Wham get hammered for playing in Communist China, with it's history of attrocities (still probably in place in the '80s I expect). I think it's probably better to let artists play such places, even if it is to rich whites and a splattering of africans. I'm not sure much is achieved by depriving people of these things. If you leave such places cut off from the world, where does the inclination come to change it? Where does the influence come so that people realise there's a different way? That's my view anyway.First of all you can be sure that the rich white audience in Sun City did know the different way. Even if I repeat myself: I do NOT think that a band playing a couple of concerts can be held accountable for the injustice in the countries they play or for Human Right violations which are committed there. Queen always called themselves an unpolitical band and did not mind the political system of the countries they performed in - which is an acceptable attitude for a Rock band imo. In the case of Sun City, however, Queen ignored a world wide UN boycott as well as English Union regulations. Spike Edney said he even denied to have been there in order not to be excluded from the Union. Sun City was an obscenely rich an glittering place in the midst of the poorest environment you can think of. It was only for rich white South Africans who wanted to enjoy themselves in ways which were not allowed in South Africa itself (porn, gambling, sex shows) and therefore the city was built on the "homeland". To play there needed so much closing eyes to misery and hopelessness that it required either total cynicism or incredible stupidity to do it. Things got even worse when Freddie said in public that "so much money" was in there - he made the band look like a bunch of greedy, careless boneheads. Brian May claimed that Queen played to a mixed racial audience and that they helped to overcome racial barriers which was a ridiculously unrealistic estimation of the situation. In fact, they helped the Apartheid system - and exactly that was said by the ANC and all freedom fighters inside and outside of South Africa. Again - I believe that dragging up the Sun City concerts is mostly done by hypocrits who never crossed a street to help someone in need. Surely, Nelson Mandela forgave people who did much much worse and he has no problem with Brian and Roger supporting the 46664 cause, so it should certainly be okay for a British journalist. But history cannot be re-written and the Sun City concerts will always be a very dark chapter in the Queen history which won't be forgotten. Whenever someone wants to make the band look bad they will come up with the Sun City issue and it will always be the bad decision they made for money. |
kingogre 22.07.2008 14:29 |
As far as I remember John also said something along the line with "we cant be bothered by politics, were only doing business and making money" at the time. Im not sure Brian is bullshitting with the mixed-race audience, but he was incredibly naive. As we have seen the organisers allowed a few coloured people into the shows to keep artists who demanded mixed-race audiences satisfied. Steve Van Zandt, who was the head of Artists against apartheid, said sometime ago that he had a meeting with Queen about the concerts after they got back from Sun city. Ackording to him the band had just been incredibly naive and unaware of the situation and showed genuine regret. |
Holly2003 22.07.2008 15:19 |
kingogre wrote: Steve Van Zandt, who was the head of Artists against apartheid, said sometime ago that he had a meeting with Queen about the concerts after they got back from Sun city. Ackording to him the band had just been incredibly naive and unaware of the situation and showed genuine regret.It was presumably easier for them to show regret after they cashed their pay cheques. I wonder how brian may rationalised Sun City, esp. as he has shown an interest in the plight of Native Americans* There's an obvious comparison to be made between black south africans and native american: did Brian ever make the connection? *a vague interest sure enough |
kingogre 22.07.2008 17:56 |
Maybe so, but Little Steven was well satisfied with what they had to say so who knows. I think theyve more than made up for what they did being as active in the 46664 project as they are anyway. Maybe out of bad consciousness or because of Freddie dying of AIDs but still. They both seemed very moved when Madiba made his speech, Brian even seemed to have tears in his eyes, so I would guess they are sincerely interested in what they are doing. Playing a charity-gig for Nelson Mandelas birthday is sure a good way to make up for what they did so I dont know what this journalist is on about. Either he has grossly misunderstood what the evening was about or hes just trying to promote himself or he has never liked queen. Who knows... As I dont think that Brian supports apartheid I dont see it as relevant if hes made the connection between Native americans and South Africa. |
Holly2003 22.07.2008 18:14 |
kingogre wrote: Maybe so, but Little Steven was well satisfied with what they had to say so who knows. I think theyve more than made up for what they did being as active in the 46664 project as they are anyway. Maybe out of bad consciousness or because of Freddie dying of AIDs but still. They both seemed very moved when Madiba made his speech, Brian even seemed to have tears in his eyes, so I would guess they are sincerely interested in what they are doing. Playing a charity-gig for Nelson Mandelas birthday is sure a good way to make up for what they did so I dont know what this journalist is on about. Either he has grossly misunderstood what the evening was about or hes just trying to promote himself or he has never liked queen. Who knows... As I dont think that Brian supports apartheid I dont see it as relevant if hes made the connection between Native americans and South Africa.But that's the point isn't it. By going to South Africa at that time they were supporting apartheid. Everyone knew what was going on: I find it beyond belief that Queen didn't know, that they weren't advised of the situation by management and lawyers. As for my musing about native americans, think it's relevant to the point I was getting at, which is that Brian's interest in them must be fairly superficial if he could not see the connection between both experiences. But I accept I'm digressing a bit. I think we all have to accept that Queen put money before principle at Sun City and it's therefroe hard to take seriously any of their past liberal political stances (not that there were many, but certainly White Man and is This the World We Created look a bit shallow when seen against the Sun City concert). I accept also that times change and so do people, but let's also not whitewash what they did in the past. |
kingogre 23.07.2008 01:36 |
I think that Is this the world we created, as you mentioned, gets a whole lot less moving by the band going off to play sun city just months after it was released. And no one has mentioned Live Aid, just a year after. |
The Real Wizard 23.07.2008 14:38 |
kingogre wrote: As we have seen the organisers allowed a few coloured people into the shows to keep artists who demanded mixed-race audiences satisfied.And that's exactly it. I'm sure any artists who played there would have been assured beforehand that the audiences would be "mixed", and so the concerts were played. Intentions were good (they surely didn't support apartheid), but artists later realized what was actually going on. |
Holly2003 23.07.2008 15:16 |
Sir GH wrote:By going, mixed audiences or not, they were breaking a well-known and established UN embargo and therefore supporting apartheid. The mixed audience thing is, imo, a convenient excuse that artists used while they were counting their money.kingogre wrote: As we have seen the organisers allowed a few coloured people into the shows to keep artists who demanded mixed-race audiences satisfied.And that's exactly it. I'm sure any artists who played there would have been assured beforehand that the audiences would be "mixed", and so the concerts were played. Intentions were good (they surely didn't support apartheid), but artists later realized what was actually going on. |
kingogre 23.07.2008 16:35 |
Holly2003 wrote:This is a very good point and certainly true. However it is also easy to overestimate the awareness of the crimes of the apartheidregime at the time. Especially among rock superstars who have never really lived in the "real" world.Sir GH wrote:By going, mixed audiences or not, they were breaking a well-known and established UN embargo and therefore supporting apartheid. The mixed audience thing is, imo, a convenient excuse that artists used while they were counting their money.kingogre wrote: As we have seen the organisers allowed a few coloured people into the shows to keep artists who demanded mixed-race audiences satisfied.And that's exactly it. I'm sure any artists who played there would have been assured beforehand that the audiences would be "mixed", and so the concerts were played. Intentions were good (they surely didn't support apartheid), but artists later realized what was actually going on. But the UN embargo is a good point and I dont buy for one second that it wasnt the money that made them go there. Maybe they werent fully aware of what was going on and regretted it later, but they sure werent going on some sort of "peace-mission". Thet were far from alone in playing sun city though. |
Holly2003 23.07.2008 17:36 |
kingogre wrote:Good point about the isolation of rock stars: I wonder if Brian knows how much a loaf of bread is? :) Question for you: in 1986 (I think) I read in the british tabloid rag The Sun that there was a protest about this before a Queen concert in Sweden. The quote attributed to Brian in the paper was a bit of a shocker. He reportedly said of the protesters that they they (Queen) didn't give a stuff about SA and they did it for the money. I've always wondered about that i.e. was Brian misquoted (highly likely given The Sun is basically toilet paper with photos) or is this the 'real' brian may of that era (which would explain why they went to SA). Any idea if this is true or not?Holly2003 wrote:This is a very good point and certainly true. However it is also easy to overestimate the awareness of the crimes of the apartheidregime at the time. Especially among rock superstars who have never really lived in the "real" world. But the UN embargo is a good point and I dont buy for one second that it wasnt the money that made them go there. Maybe they werent fully aware of what was going on and regretted it later, but they sure werent going on some sort of "peace-mission". Thet were far from alone in playing sun city though.Sir GH wrote:By going, mixed audiences or not, they were breaking a well-known and established UN embargo and therefore supporting apartheid. The mixed audience thing is, imo, a convenient excuse that artists used while they were counting their money.kingogre wrote: As we have seen the organisers allowed a few coloured people into the shows to keep artists who demanded mixed-race audiences satisfied.And that's exactly it. I'm sure any artists who played there would have been assured beforehand that the audiences would be "mixed", and so the concerts were played. Intentions were good (they surely didn't support apartheid), but artists later realized what was actually going on. |
john bodega 23.07.2008 20:09 |
Holly2003 wrote: By going, mixed audiences or not, they were breaking a well-known and established UN embargo and therefore supporting apartheid. The mixed audience thing is, imo, a convenient excuse that artists used while they were counting their money.Because (of course), you can really get inside the heads of 4 people who screwed up 20 years ago. Yep - you've really got your finger on the Queen pulse, there! link ^^^ Yeah.... they were such meanies! |
Holly2003 24.07.2008 04:14 |
Zebonka12 wrote:Since you have your finger on the 'Queen pulse' how much did the Kampuchea concert cost Queen and how much were they paid for the Sun City concerts?Holly2003 wrote: By going, mixed audiences or not, they were breaking a well-known and established UN embargo and therefore supporting apartheid. The mixed audience thing is, imo, a convenient excuse that artists used while they were counting their money.Because (of course), you can really get inside the heads of 4 people who screwed up 20 years ago. Yep - you've really got your finger on the Queen pulse, there! link ^^^ Yeah.... they were such meanies! |
on my way up 24.07.2008 05:21 |
Holly2003 wrote:Is that the same UN of which the most important countries(China, US, Russia) do not accept jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court(in The Hague) because they fear their own military leaders will be convicted for violating human rights? Oh yes, it is. Quite some security council, heh!Sir GH wrote:By going, mixed audiences or not, they were breaking a well-known and established UN embargo and therefore supporting apartheid. The mixed audience thing is, imo, a convenient excuse that artists used while they were counting their money.kingogre wrote: As we have seen the organisers allowed a few coloured people into the shows to keep artists who demanded mixed-race audiences satisfied.And that's exactly it. I'm sure any artists who played there would have been assured beforehand that the audiences would be "mixed", and so the concerts were played. Intentions were good (they surely didn't support apartheid), but artists later realized what was actually going on. I think it's fair to say Queen did not foresee the trouble they were getting themselves in. I truly beieve they had the naive idea that they were going to play for mixed audiences. It's a rare wrong decision from the band....Everyone makes mistakes. But saying they did it intentionally is just crazy. I think the money argument is quite weak too. Queen were always excited to visit new places(for example also South-America)and this was also the case here. And about the shows: a pity there aren't any recordings! |
kingogre 24.07.2008 05:39 |
on my way up wrote:That these countries refuse to be members of the Criminal Court in Hague says more about those countries than about the UN. The security council also had very little to do with the cultural embargo.Holly2003 wrote:Is that the same UN of which the most important countries(China, US, Russia) do not accept jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court(in The Hague) because they fear their own military leaders will be convicted for violating human rights? Oh yes, it is. Quite some security council, heh! I think it's fair to say Queen did not foresee the trouble they were getting themselves in. I truly beieve they had the naive idea that they were going to play for mixed audiences. It's a rare wrong decision from the band....Everyone makes mistakes. But saying they did it intentionally is just crazy. I think the money argument is quite weak too. Queen were always excited to visit new places(for example also South-America)and this was also the case here. And about the shows: a pity there aren't any recordings!Sir GH wrote:By going, mixed audiences or not, they were breaking a well-known and established UN embargo and therefore supporting apartheid. The mixed audience thing is, imo, a convenient excuse that artists used while they were counting their money.kingogre wrote: As we have seen the organisers allowed a few coloured people into the shows to keep artists who demanded mixed-race audiences satisfied.And that's exactly it. I'm sure any artists who played there would have been assured beforehand that the audiences would be "mixed", and so the concerts were played. Intentions were good (they surely didn't support apartheid), but artists later realized what was actually going on. If you put it this way, Queen were always excited to find new markets to sell their music and concert-tickets in I think youre right. They were always a band with a big business-awareness. Nothing wrong with this at all though. My guess is that they got an offer from Sun City promoters, saw it only as yet another tour in a new market, like South America had been. They were aware of the controversy of it all but thought very little of it or underestimated what would follow. |
john bodega 24.07.2008 08:12 |
Holly2003 wrote: Since you have your finger on the 'Queen pulse' how much did the Kampuchea concert cost Queen and how much were they paid for the Sun City concerts?A pittance on both counts! No but seriously - they might have been naive in the extreme to play Sun City, but what position are you to extend that to a lack of moral fibre on the scale you're suggesting? Can the bug in your bottom be so swollen? |
gnomo 24.07.2008 08:54 |
Holly2003 wrote: was Brian misquoted (...) or is this the 'real' brian may of that era (...). Any idea if this is true or not? Brian May wrote: We carefully considered all the pros and cons for a year before deciding we would be doing more to achieve the end of apartheid by going than by staying away. Sun City was the only place in South Africa then where a colour bar wasn't operating. The audiences were mixed, the hotel we stayed in was mixed. We were able to speak against apartheid in interviews and play with black musicians in Soweto. (...) We had turned down lucrative offers to play in Johannesburg and Cape Town HTH |
Holly2003 24.07.2008 09:21 |
Zebonka12 wrote: [/QUOTENAME No but seriously - they might have been naive in the extreme to play Sun City, but what position are you to extend that to a lack of moral fibre on the scale you're suggesting?Can the bug in your bottom be so swollen?I'm offering an opinion based on the facts as I see them. Of course there's speculation involved -- no one is going to come out and say "Fuck the South Africans, I don't give a shit, I'm only doing it for the money"* but the fact remains that Queen broke a UN embargo, knowing full well what they were doing, and the 'mixed audience' defence doesn't cut any ice with me now just as it didn't help Queen back then. My musings are an attempt to square Queen's allegedly liberal political stances (esp. RT & BM) with what they actually did. It's one thing to sing about 'One Vision' (and, of course, make a profit from the song)and quite another to go to S.Africa when they did. *if I recall correctly, however, that's almost what Brian said in the comments attributed to him in The Sun (spit). |
Sheer Brass Neck 24.07.2008 13:11 |
On my way up wrote: "I think it's fair to say Queen did not foresee the trouble they were getting themselves in." Ludicrous. They broke an international embargo by performing there. By doing so, they were basically saying "fuck you" to the world "I truly beieve they had the naive idea that they were going to play for mixed audiences." Entirely possible, even probable. "It's a rare wrong decision from the band." In that era. Virtually everything post-Freddie's death (5ive, Hollywood Recods fiasco, partnering with the Sun on WWRY, album artwork, multiple re-releases etc.) has been a poor, if not wrong decision. "Everyone makes mistakes. But saying they did it intentionally is just crazy." Queen have always been lauded as the most intelligent, or scholarly band in rock music. Brian gets indignant at people who kill things in their gardens with pesticides. Are you telling me that this same man had no moral conscience in 1985? He or his bandmates didn't know what a UN boycott was, or how wrong it was to play there? If it's crazy to say they did it (played Sun City) intentionally, how much crazier is it to say they played it unintentionally? "I think the money argument is quite weak too." Sure, especially with two of the four members (John and Freddie) quoted as talking about the money they would make by visiting there. "Queen were always excited to visit new places(for example also South-America)and this was also the case here." It was true that as Queen lost America, other places came calling and they got bigger around the world. However, there is nothing to justify their decision to play there. There's the story of the time when they played South America how Jim Beach had heard the stories of the O'Jays playing in Argentina, and having their equipment stolen or confiscated when they were loading up after the last show. Knowing this, beach laid down acres of astro turf, and it became a diversion as the army or whoever was so busy stealing it that thy were able to load up the valuable stuff and get the fuck out of Dodge. If Jim Beach was aware that promoters or the military was corrupt in Argentian, and he devised a brillaint plan to get out with all of his bosses assets, do you think he didn't know what Sun City was all about? That takes a huge leap in faith. Everyone does make mistakes, but these were intelligent, worldly men who made a poor decision based solely on the amount of money they could make. Doesn't put them on the level of Stalin or Pol Pot, but they're not exactly coming across like Mother Theresa here. |
kingogre 24.07.2008 15:51 |
Sheer Brass Neck wrote: In that era. Virtually everything post-Freddie's death (5ive, Hollywood Recods fiasco, partnering with the Sun on WWRY, album artwork, multiple re-releases etc.) has been a poor, if not wrong decision.I think the band were out on thin ice many times during this era. Freddie is certainly no saint in this matter and was responsible for many bad decisions. However the band also made many things right and always knew how to come back from their mistakes, and thats what made them world superstars. Agree that what has been done in the Queen-name during the last decade mostly hasnt been good at all. I think all the compilations and "cabaret"-performances has damaged Queens reputation more than most people think. At least IMHO the Paul Rodgers collaboration is one of the few things that at least has the potential to be great. |
Oberon 24.07.2008 16:23 |
Sheer Brass Neck: That would be my point about Jim Beach. I wouldn't be surprised if he knew the reality, but was economical with the truth to the band. Not to excuse them, but it wouldn't surprise me. But the quote from Brian is the most telling, as it's obvious that they knew the situation and the difference in mainstream SA and Sun City. Their intention was to go there and do something to raise awaresness in one of the hearts of apartheid. And that is my point of view. Just because there's an international embargo, doesn't mean the embargo is right. I don't believe such things achieve what they are intended to. An embargo is intended (I believe) to stop a country such as SA receiving goods etc from the international community and in doing so force a change of regime in order that the country can break the embargo. BUT, IMO, all the embargo does is deprive the "innocent" population rather than the rich/influencial minority who would have been able to get around the embargo and get whatever they want. So you tell me, what does an embargo REALLY achieve? Brian's point is that by playing in an area where they can mix with black africans and speak against apartheid that they do more to work against the system than for it. And to a certain degree I agree with him. Now, the argument would hold a lot more weight if Queen had taken the money and given it to some causes, but could they be sure that it would end up where it should have done? Or at least SOME of the money (maybe they did?). Brian did petition that the fine they incurred should be used for african causes, but the organistion that fined them put it in their own coffers (and again, who knows how that would have been used - would it have been used to aid africans?) So that's my stance. They might well have been a little naive, a little mis-informed, but I think at the time they thought it was worth doing (monetarily of course, but also to make an impact, which they did, although not in the way they did). And just because the USA decided that South American states were ok because they weren't communist, and these weren't subject to an embargo, is it any morally different? Remember this same government is now waging a war against the very people it supported in the 80s against Russia. And if that's a barometer of what's right and wrong, I ask again: why weren't Wham slated for making it Big In China, and why weren't Queen slammed for playing communist Hungary? It's hypocrisy really, isn't it? So what's the worth of an embargo or the affirmation of a facist dictatorship? Was the embargo responsible for the political decision to release Mandela and hold open elections? I don't know - maybe, but I doubt it. Can someone pinpoint the reasons for the end of apartheid? I think it was more to do with the internal changes/forces rather than external forces wasn't it? I'm not up on SA modern history - can anyone enlighten me? (Might be going way off topic, but I'm interested in if the embargo achieved anything). |
Tero 24.07.2008 16:44 |
Oberon wrote: Just because there's an international embargo, doesn't mean the embargo is right. I don't believe such things achieve what they are intended to. An embargo is intended (I believe) to stop a country such as SA receiving goods etc from the international community and in doing so force a change of regime in order that the country can break the embargo. BUT, IMO, all the embargo does is deprive the "innocent" population rather than the rich/influencial minority who would have been able to get around the embargo and get whatever they want. So you tell me, what does an embargo REALLY achieve? Can someone pinpoint the reasons for the end of apartheid? I think it was more to do with the internal changes/forces rather than external forces wasn't it? I'm not up on SA modern history - can anyone enlighten me? (Might be going way off topic, but I'm interested in if the embargo achieved anything).The point of any embargo is to make the ordinary people turn against the government by denying them the "luxuries" of life... By telling them they would be better off with different policies. That IS the internal change that ended the apartheid. Enough people realised they were better off without it, and the government was forced to change its policies. Embargos will work against democratic countries where the ordinary people really have a say in the decisionmaking They will not work against ruthless dictatorships unless they are set tight enough to affect the leader(s) as well. |
YourValentine 24.07.2008 17:06 |
Oberon, I agree that a cultural boycott is questionable. I am not sure if artists and athletes should be forced into such a boycott but that is not the point. The point is that Queen were well aware of the situation and they ignored the UN decision as well as Union policy with a great deal of arrogance. There was a lot of controvery *before* they actually went and you had to live under a rock in the 80s to not know about Sun City. Re Brian's comments as quoted by gnomo - to say that Sun City had no racial barriers is just plain wrong and to say that Queen could achieve something to end apartheid by playing in Sun City is ridiculous and offending Brian May's own intelligence. If I remember well he even said that if they had to agree with all governments in the countries they played in, there would not be left many including England. Which apparently meant that there is not much of a difference between a democracy with normal social problems and occasional human rights issues and an outrageous terror regime like South Africa. Yes, Brian went to Soweto and he played with some black musicians in a small venue with no TV around of course and no publicity in South Africa (Queen did NOT play a concert in Soweto) and yes, they did release a charity LP in South Africa but that was only a weak attempt to make the band look better. |
Oberon 24.07.2008 17:08 |
So by definition an embargo punishes the very people it is intended to help? Sounds balmy to me! And SA wasn't a democracy was it? Blacks didn't have a vote, other than in their homelands, but what did that matter? Still not convinced. Surely any population will strive to overturn such regimes if there are enough persecuted majority? Why does an embargo help that? It was the government that ended up having to release Mandela and enter into negotiations to hold open elections, but did the embargo do that, or the untenable internal structure and unrest? Did the embargo really influence these internal changes? Surely it would have come about even if bands were free to tour and sell their records etc in SA? |
Oberon 24.07.2008 17:16 |
Your Valentine I guess my point is that if I were Queen I wouldn't have felt I should observe some Union rule or UN resolution. And, yes, them playing there isn't going to bring aparheid to it's knees, but they felt that it was better to do something real to reach out to SA rather than sit at home etc. Like I said, naive about the lack of real mixed audience, but I believe the sentiment was genuine. And I think the point about there being few countries that aren't politically questionable to some degree adds more weight to my argument (and Brian's obviously). As Mandela himself said (just been on Wikipedia, so a bit dodgy on this perhaps), that the USA has caused more large scale attrocities really than many (the a-bomb on Japan, supporting white SA, Vietnam, Iraq), yet no-one questions touring the USA. Politics is politcs, and none are completely clean. And I think this is why I can't agree that Queen were completely in the wrong to play Sun City. If I accept that then I have to say they were wrong to play S America and Hungary etc. And that would be just ridiculous, don't you think? |
Oberon 24.07.2008 17:21 |
Can I just say, that THIS is what I want this forum for - a good old "proper" debate, without any mud slinging. Just some reasoned, mature discussion. Bring it on and long may this continue... |
Tero 24.07.2008 17:23 |
Oberon wrote: So by definition an embargo punishes the very people it is intended to help? Sounds balmy to me! And SA wasn't a democracy was it? Blacks didn't have a vote, other than in their homelands, but what did that matter? Still not convinced. Surely any population will strive to overturn such regimes if there are enough persecuted majority? Why does an embargo help that? It was the government that ended up having to release Mandela and enter into negotiations to hold open elections, but did the embargo do that, or the untenable internal structure and unrest? Did the embargo really influence these internal changes? Surely it would have come about even if bands were free to tour and sell their records etc in SA?No, the embargo didn't punish the oppressed black people. That was already done by the government. It did however punish the white people among whom there was a democracy. They were the people in power, and they were reaping the benefits of oppressing the blacks. Perhaps an analogy would make this clearer to you? Let's say that Spain is charge of the EU and oppresses all the other Europeans to the point where they have no money or control over their own lives. They will lose nothing from an embargo against the EU, but the Spanish people will. The less happier the Spanish people get, the more likely it is they will vote for a new government. The existing government might even change its mind all by itself it realises the Spanish people are suffering because of their choices. Just how significant the impact of a cultural embargo was is subject to debate, but it sure as hell didn't make the white minority happier about their government's choices! |
Oberon 24.07.2008 17:49 |
Ok, I get it that for whites there might have been a democracy, but was there an alternative white anti-apartheid party? Was there an alternative? Wasn't it such an ingrained part of white culture that the white race was superior and segregation justified? I know that this might be said to strengthen your point, but I'm still not convinced that it was an embargo that turned things around in SA, but I don't know enough of the history to argue convincingly. Is there any evidence of this in SA or any other country? |
YourValentine 24.07.2008 18:16 |
@ Oberon I see your point and I am generally unsure about cultural boycotts as I already said several times. I agree there are other countries where Human Rights are violated and there is no boycott. But in the case Queen playing Sun City there was a boycott. Even if Queen did not agree - there was no moral reason to ignore that boycott. There was nothing to gain in Sun City except the contempt of the many people in the world who really fought against apartheid and who really cared. To try and rationalize it as an act of political manifesto against apartheid was really making it worse. The anti-apartheid movement inside and outside South Africa had fought long and hard to raise the worldwide awareness, people had died to achieve that. They did not need Queen to come and act like it's such a great thing to play in front of the rich white protagonists of that regime. |
Oberon 24.07.2008 18:32 |
I think we're gonna have to agree to disagree (no bad thing), but I would say that why should they worry about the contempt of others? And were they rationalizing it - presumably you mean after the event - or did they, as Brian said, weigh up pros and cons and believe that they could make a difference/a point (however small or insignificant) by going? Maybe I'm trying to convince myself, but I really can't believe that they were THAT ignorant or ill informed. As someone said, it's hard to believe that four intelligent people who had recorded songs about the issues around native Americans ten years earlier wouldn't be somewhat clued up and have weighed that up. In which case, I can't say they were wrong to go. The money thing is one big problem with my arguement I suppose, but then, they can't be expected to do things for nothing, can they? |
Raf 24.07.2008 19:36 |
Maybe Queen's mistake was a political mistake, rather than a moral mistake. Ignoring an international boycott, "weakening" the embargo in some way. Like someone pointed out, it'd be hypocrisy to complain about Queen's morals for playing in a country where racism is legalized and at the same time glorify them for being the first major band to play behind the Iron Curtain, where the government's enemies would be arrested, tortured and killed, where a genocide took place, or glorify them for the major gigs in another poor continent completely taken over by U.S. and Western Europe-supported fascist dictatorships, where young students, journalists, artists, teachers, professors and anyone else who dared to voice their opinion ended up dead, expelled from the country, or tortured until they were insane. As dictators from Brazil and Argentina aren't really well known in the world, here's a little quote from Wikipedia to show you the level those dictatorships achieved: "In 1971 the military dictatorship helped rig the Uruguayan elections, which were lost by the left-wing Frente Amplio [3]. It then participated in Operation Condor, which involved various Latin American security services (including Pinochet's DINA and the Argentine SIDE) in the assassination of political opponents." - link So, those who defend Queen supported the apartheid regime would also dare to say Queen supported Pinochet and his friends by playing here? |
kingogre 25.07.2008 01:50 |
Embargos was a major cause for Madiba being released and apartheid ending. There are several quotes by officials of the apartheid regime saying this both at the time and afterwards. The other main cause was the internal opposition to apartheid that was manily channeled through the ANC and some of the churches. However, it must be pointd out that this opposition would not have had the strength it had or quite possibly even survived without the material support from the rest of the world or the moral support that the sanctions are an example of. The cultural boycots were a part of this, even if it was small. Queen playing Sun City in the end did not further the existance of apartheid, however it served as moral support of the system to the rich white minority as opposed to most top artists who refused to play in the luxuary resort. This was despite the opinions of the rest of the world. They did not make any statements about this before the tour despite the controversy it led to, rather defending themselves with ?weve got to make money?. This changed however as soon as they got back. It can also be argued that they played along with the system in going there. The embargoes against SA did not have the goal to make the people rise up against the apartheid regime. In general there was a consensus at the time, as today, that contacts are more effective than sanctions. However, SA was seen as a major objection to this. The apartheid regime relied almost exclusively on the support of the rest of the world for its existance both in material terms and as the basis for its power. As only a minority of south africans supported it or even had the possibility to vote its base for power was that the rest of the world recognised it as legitimate. This was mainly the US and Britain, who to a big degree continued this support until the very end. They were also heavily reliant on trade with rest of the world for economic reasons. If this support disappeared it would severely weaken the strength of the apartheid regime. Tero has already written about this. As he pointed out this same minority was not only reliant on this trade but they also became extremely wealthy because of it and by using the apartheid system. USA has very little to do with this, even they if they also had sanctions had the apartheid regime. Remember that they only recently removed Nelson Mandela from their list of terrorists. The reason behind all this was the strategical importance of the Cape region for the NATO-countries. ANC were seen as communists by the Reagans and Thatchers of the world and so they rather let the apartheid regime stay than see this region go to what they saw as Soviet henchmen. The US and Britain would both during the 70s and 80s veto almost all resolutions to have the security council decide in favour of binding boycots that would include all member states of the UN. There are also several examples of quite far-reaching treaties being signed by these countries. You have a very good point when you write that there really wasnt any moral difference between playing in South America or in China and South Africa. It can be argued that the difference was that apartheid was based on race and therefore even more severe. However I agree with you completely on this reasoning. |
gnomo 25.07.2008 04:11 |
Oberon wrote: Now, the argument would hold a lot more weight if Queen had taken the money and given it to some causes, but could they be sure that it would end up where it should have done? Or at least SOME of the money (maybe they did?). Brian did petition that the fine they incurred should be used for african causes, but the organistion that fined them put it in their own coffers (and again, who knows how that would have been used - would it have been used to aid africans?) Brian May wrote: When we were taken to task by the Musicians Union for breaking their embargo on playing in South Africa, (...) The compromise we came to was that the money would go direct to the Kutlwanong school for the deaf in Bophutswana, a school for poor children which we already supported by way of the entire proceeds from a ?Greatest Hits? album we put out specially for South Africa.HTH |
Oberon 25.07.2008 14:34 |
gnomo wrote:Yes, they requested the Musicians Union to do this, but I believe Brian stated that this didn't happen.Oberon wrote: Now, the argument would hold a lot more weight if Queen had taken the money and given it to some causes, but could they be sure that it would end up where it should have done? Or at least SOME of the money (maybe they did?). Brian did petition that the fine they incurred should be used for african causes, but the organistion that fined them put it in their own coffers (and again, who knows how that would have been used - would it have been used to aid africans?)Brian May wrote: When we were taken to task by the Musicians Union for breaking their embargo on playing in South Africa, (...) The compromise we came to was that the money would go direct to the Kutlwanong school for the deaf in Bophutswana, a school for poor children which we already supported by way of the entire proceeds from a ?Greatest Hits? album we put out specially for South Africa.HTH |
Oberon 25.07.2008 14:54 |
Kingogre. Have you got any evidence of those quotes you mentioned as to the effect of sanctions etc.? And what are the restrictions that sanctions/embargos impose as opposed to the trade that you say supported the regime? That seems completely contradictory. I suppose that some countries observed a internationally agreed sanction, but USA and Britain (as examples you gave) didn't? I'm not doubting for a minute your claims about USA and Britain supporting SA government in preference to a Soviet influenced replacement. But given that is the case, I think sanctions observed by other countries don't really mount to much in the face of these 2 significant nations supporting. Difficult. I can see your point that if this support was withdrawn that the situation would have become more untenable earlier, but I think that the end of apartheid might have become a much bloodier and messier affair than it was. I think the timing of the end was the best. The international conscience made it impossible to continue the situation, and if De Klerk had not reached out and allowed Mandela to quell the impending violence at this time, it would all have gone very pear shaped. I will be to Mandela's eternal credit that large scale violence against the white population in SA after the end of apartheid was avoided. |
kingogre 25.07.2008 16:06 |
Yes, I have. This was stated at the time by both the Foreign Secretary in the SA parliament and the Secretary of Trade in an interview. The last was referenced in the swedish parliamentary debate. Can look it up in a couple of days if you want to. Sanctions are not a good way to influence in these kind of situations, it is often a very two-edged sword and can also serve to strengthen the regimes the are aimed at. However SA is very often seen as an example of effective sanctions. Undoubtedly the pressure they put on the apartheid regime made helped end the conflict. As the regime was heavily reliant on outside support it was also seen as a situation where sanctions could have a positive effect at the time. However it is fully to mr Mandelas credit that the situation never escalated to a bloodbath and that it got a peaceful end. ANC recieved support from the Soviet Union however it is not obvious that they were allies. ANC also recieved heavy support from many western countries, for example Sweden and Norway. If you ask the organisatio today they were forced to accept the support from the russians because the US and Britain opposed them. All of this is not easy to answer, especially since many South Africans have a differenet view on these things than westerners because they have different experiences from the past. Ive written an university essay partly on the subject and this is some of the things it featured. |
Daniel Nester 29.07.2008 19:58 |
kingogre -- I'm sure this was a worldwide effort, and the USA's part was relative to this. But didn't divestment efforts make a difference? I recall this having some effect on South Africa's economy. |
Marknow 30.07.2008 01:29 |
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Marknow 30.07.2008 01:29 |
Is it o.k to go there now? Sounds like a grand spot for a fortnight. Anybody have a link for bookings? |